The success of the democratic opposition in the cantons (especially Zürich) in introducing a greater degree of direct democracy led to demands for similar changes in the federal constitution.

Liberal business circles also wanted a revision of the constitution, to centralise the legislation governing economic activity.

The revised constitution was passed in 1874. Its provisions have been little changed since then.

It laid down the principle that if enough citizens demand it, all new legislation can be put to a nationwide vote. This remains a cornerstone of the Swiss political system today.